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Salaries. Facts. Quotes. Trademarks. Pictures. Prodolzhenie. Ippolit Georgievich. Est - Ouest. 19. 99. Vieil Homme Kommonalka (as Youri Yakovlev)Grafinya de Monsoro. TV Seriesbaron de Meridor. Director index to the Russian, Soviet and CIS feature films, television films and television serials held by UCL SSEES Library. Writers: Anton Chekhov (stories), Mayya Temyakova. Starye pesni o glavnom 3. TV Movie. Ivan Vasilyevich. Vorovka. 19. 95. TV Movie. Narrator (voice)Deti chugunnykh bogov. General. Supermen ponevole ili eroticheskiy mutant. Davayte bez fokusov!. Ot avtora. Gardemariny III1. Milostivye gosudari. TV Movie. Tantsuyushchiye prizraki. The Shroud of Alexander Nevsky. Ivan- tsarevich i Seryy Volk. TV Short voice. Mashenka. TV Movie. Anton Sergeyevich Podtyagin. Movie: The Bold and the. Movie: Milostivye gosudari : Country: Russia: Year: 1992: Category: Comedy: Actors: Irina Muravyova, Evgeniya Uralova, Yuriy Yakovlev.Sem dney posle ubiystva. Lovushka dlya odinokogo muzhchiny. 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Ver Pelicula Los Cazafantasmas (Ghostbusters) 1. Esta es una nueva versi. Ver pelicula completa espa. Descargar y ver online Los cazafantasmas (Serie de TV)(1. Titulo original. The Ghost Busters (TV Series. A. Creada por la productora televisiva Filmation, fue el origen de los Cazafantasmas, all. Los protagonistas eran dos humanos, Eddie Spencer (Forrest Tucker) y Jake Kong (Larry Storch), adem. Creada por la productora televisiva Filmation, fue el origen de los Cazafantasmas, allLos cazafantasmas es una serie animada estadounidense. Title: Ghostbusters (1984) 7.8 /10. Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? You must be a registered. Herod the Great - Wikipedia. Herod (; Hebrew: . The history of his legacy has polarized opinion, as he is known for his colossal building projects throughout Judea, including his expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem (Herod's Temple), the construction of the port at Caesarea Maritima, the fortress at Masada and Herodium. Vital details of his life are recorded in the works of the 1st century CE Roman. Herod also appears in the Christian Gospel of Matthew as the ruler of Judea who orders the Massacre of the Innocents at the time of the birth of Jesus. Herod's most famous and ambitious project was the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. Herod’s rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem was done so that he would “have a capital city worthy of his dignity and. King Herod the Great: mad, bad, dangerous. People in the story King Herod the Great, the only one of his family to be given the title of 'king'. Astute and ruthless, he was trusted by the Roman authorities but hated by his. King Herod the Great stopped at nothing to keep his throne. Learn how an angel warned Joseph and Mary to escape with the future Savior of the world. Matthew 2 New International Version (NIV) The Magi Visit the Messiah. 2 After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east came to Jerusalem 2 and asked, “Where is the one who has. Despite his successes, including singlehandedly forging a new aristocracy from practically nothing. His reign polarizes opinion amongst scholars and historians, some viewing his legacy as evidence of success, or a reminder of his tyrannical rule. Upon Herod's death, the Romans divided his kingdom among three of his sons and his sister. However, some authors think that he was born in about 7. BCE. Herod's father was by descent an Edomite whose ancestors had converted to Judaism. Herod was raised as a Jew. Herod enjoyed the backing of Rome, but his brutality was condemned by the Sanhedrin. They were placed in this role to support Hyrcanus II. Later, Antigonus, Hyrcanus' nephew, took the throne from his uncle with the help of the Parthians. Herod fled to Rome to plead with the Romans to restore Hyrcanus II to power. The Romans had a special interest in Judea because their general Pompey the Great had conquered Jerusalem in 6. BCE, thus placing the region in the Roman sphere of influence. In Rome, Herod was unexpectedly appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate. Toward the end of the campaign against Antigonus, Herod married the granddaughter of Hyrcanus II, Mariamne (known as Mariamne I), who was also a niece of Antigonus. Seventh (not sixth, as stated in Graetz, nor third, as in Dean Farrar's biography of the Herods) and, at the time of his father's death, youngest son of Herod the Great by his Samaritan wife, Malthace. The exact date of his. Herod Antipas fell in love with the wrong woman: Herodias, who already had a young daughter, Salome. Executing John Baptist was just one of his crimes. Bible History Online presents an overview of Herod's Temple, also known as the Second Temple which was located in Jerusalem at the time of Jesus Christ. Building and furnishing the Herodian Temple involved more than stone quarrying and laying, but the stones and foundations of Herod’s Temple can give us clues to Temple Mount history. Herod did this in an attempt to secure his claim to the throne and gain some Jewish favor. However, Herod already had a wife, Doris, and a young son, Antipater, and chose therefore to banish Doris and her child. After three years of conflict, Herod and the Romans finally captured Jerusalem and Herod sent Antigonus for execution to Marc Antony. Herod took the role as sole ruler of Judea and the title of basileus (. Josephus reports this as being in the year of the consulship of Agrippa and Gallus (3. BCE), but also says that it was exactly 2. Jerusalem fell to Pompey, which would indicate 3. BCE. Cassius Dio also reports that in 3. BCE . Judea had been ruled autonomously by the Hasmonean kings from 1. BCE until 6. 3 BCE. The Hasmoneans retained their titles, but became clients of Rome after the conquest by Pompey in 6. BCE. Herod overthrew the Hasmonean Antigonus in a three- year- long war between 4. BCE, ruled under Roman overlordship until his death in 4 BCE, and passed on the throne to his sons, thus establishing his own, so- called Herodian dynasty. Herod was granted the title of . Not long after he assumed control of Judea, Herod needed to show his worthiness to be king of Judea to the new emperor Augustus (who was still known as Octavian), as he had previously showed support for Augustus' opponent Mark Antony. Herod won the trust of Augustus and continued to rule his people as he saw fit. Despite the freedom afforded to Herod in his internal reign over Judea, restrictions were placed upon him in his foreign policies towards other kingdoms. There have been mixed interpretations concerning Herod's popularity during his reign. In The Jewish War, Josephus characterizes Herod's rule generally in favorable terms, and gives Herod the benefit of the doubt for the infamous events that took place during his reign. However, in his later work, Jewish Antiquities, Josephus emphasizes the tyrannical authority that many scholars have come to associate with Herod's reign. For instance, it has been suggested that Herod used secret police to monitor and report the feelings of the general populace towards him. He sought to prohibit protests, and had opponents removed by force. His buildings were very large, ambitious projects. Herod was responsible for the construction of the Temple Mount, a portion of which remains today as the Western Wall. In addition, Herod also used the latest technology in hydraulic cement and underwater construction to build the harbor at Caesarea. Although, he did built fortresses (Masada, Herodium, Alexandrium, Hyrcania, and Machaerus) that he and his family could go to in case of insurrection, all these vast projects were aimed at gaining the support of the Jews and improving his reputation as a leader. Despite the economic burden placed by Herod's building projects and gifts, these enterprises also brought employment and opportunities for the people's provision. In Jerusalem, Herod introduced foreign forms of entertainment, and erected a golden eagle at the entrance of the Temple, which suggested a greater interest in the welfare of Rome than of Jews. The Pharisees were angry because Herod disregarded many of their demands for the Temple's construction. At the same time the Sadducees, who were known for their priestly responsibilities in the Temple, opposed Herod because he replaced their high priests with outsiders from Babylonia and Alexandria, in an effort to gain support from the Jewish Diaspora. Heavy outbreaks of violence and riots followed Herod's death in many cities, including Jerusalem, as all the built- up grievances against him were unleashed. The momentum from these revolts led to an increased demand for Jewish freedom from Roman rule. Herod's leadership caused enough anger for it to become a prime cause of the Great Revolt of 7. C. E. Today, only the four retaining walls remain standing, including the Western Wall. These walls created a flat platform (the Temple Mount) upon which the Temple was then constructed. Herod's other achievements include the development of water supplies for Jerusalem, building fortresses such as Masada and Herodium, and founding new cities such as Caesarea Maritima and the enclosures of Cave of the Patriarchs and Mamre in Hebron. He and Cleopatra owned a monopoly over the extraction of asphalt from the Dead Sea, which was used in shipbuilding. He leased copper mines on Cyprus from the Roman emperor. New Testament references. According to this account, after the birth of Jesus, some magi (astrologers) from the East visited Herod to inquire the whereabouts of . Herod, as King of the Jews, was alarmed at the prospect of a usurper. Herod assembled the chief priests and scribes of the people and asked them where the . They answered, in Bethlehem, citing Micah 5: 2. Herod therefore sent the magi to Bethlehem, instructing them to search for the child and, after they had found him, to . However, after they had found Jesus, they were warned in a dream not to report back to Herod. Similarly, Joseph was warned in a dream that Herod intended to kill Jesus, so he and his family fled to Egypt. When Herod realized he had been outwitted, he gave orders to kill all boys of the age of two and under in Bethlehem and its vicinity. Joseph and his family stayed in Egypt until Herod's death, then moved to Nazareth in Galilee to avoid living under Herod's son Archelaus. Regarding the Massacre of the Innocents, although Herod was guilty of many brutal acts including the killing of his wife and two of his sons, no other contemporary source refers to the massacre. Archelaus was judged incompetent by the Roman emperor Augustus, who then combined the very same provinces (Samaria, Judea proper and Idumea) into Iudaea province. As to Herod's other sons, Herod Antipas was tetrarch of Galilee from 4 BCE. An article in the New York Times states,Lower Herodium consists of the remains of a large palace, a race track, service quarters, and a monumental building whose function is still a mystery. Perhaps, says Ehud Netzer, who excavated the site, it is Herod's mausoleum. Next to it is a pool, almost twice as large as modern Olympic- size pools. According to Patrich and Arubas, the tomb is too modest to be Herod's and has several unlikely features. Roi Porat, who replaced Netzer as excavation leader after the latter's death, stood by the identification. His critics have described him as . Although Herod considered himself king of the Jews, he let it be known that he also represented the non- Jews living in Judea, building temples for other religions outside of the Jewish areas of his kingdom. Many Jews questioned the authenticity of Herod's Judaism on account of his Idumean background and his infamous murders of members of his family. However, he generally respected traditional Jewish observances in his public life. For instance, he minted coins without human images to be used in Jewish areas and acknowledged the sanctity of the Second Temple by employing priests in the construction of the Temple. After the conquest of Jerusalem and victory over Antigonus, Mark Antony executes him. BCE . Octavian defeats Mark Antony, so Herod switches allegiance to Octavian, later known as Augustus. BCE . She learns of Herod's plans to murder her, and stops sleeping with him. Herod puts her on trial on a charge of adultery. His sister, Salome I, was chief witness against her. Mariamne I's mother Alexandra made an appearance and incriminated her own daughter. Historians say her mother was next on Herod's list to be executed and did this only to save her own life. Mariamne was executed, and Alexandra declared herself Queen, stating that Herod was mentally unfit to serve. Josephus wrote that this was Alexandra's strategic mistake; Herod executed her without trial. BCE . Large festival in Jerusalem, as Herod had built a theatre and an amphitheatre. BCE . To honor Augustus, Herod rebuilt Samaria and renamed it Sebaste. BCE . He also waives a third of the taxes. Herod began construction on Caesarea Maritima and its harbor. BCE . He married his third wife, Mariamne II, the daughter of the priest Simon Boethus; immediately Herodes deprived Jesus the son of Phabet of the high priesthood and conferred that dignity on Simon. The Stones of Herod’s Temple Reveal Temple Mount History. This feature was originally published in Bible History Daily in 2. Ed. Ancient construction techniques at Herod’s Temple were more sophisticated than we might think. A stonecutter, right, uses a pickax to cut a channel in a limestone block. Meanwhile another worker, left, pours water over some logs stacked in the channel between two blocks. The water will cause the wood to swell, exerting lateral pressure on the block and splitting the block off of the bedrock to which it is attached at bottom. Because the limestone lay in natural horizontal layers, the blocks would cleave along a relatively neat, horizontal line. Studying the ancient construction methods used to create the Herodian Temple give us clues to Temple Mount history. Photo: Leen Ritmeyer. Building and furnishing the Herodian Temple involved more than stone quarrying and laying, but the stones and foundations of Herod’s Temple can give us clues to Temple Mount history. What ancient construction techniques can be seen on the site of Herod’s Temple? What does this tell us about Temple Mount history? In the following article, “Quarrying and Transporting Stones for Herod’s Temple Mount,” Leen Ritmeyer, a specialist in Temple Mount history, looks at the quarrying effort and expertise evident in the building of the Herodian Temple. Stonecutters cut down through blocks of stone; then wood pilings placed in the crevices were saturated with water to such an extent that the pressure broke off the block from the bedrock. The force of gravity was itself a helpful tool in ancient construction techniques, as well as wooden rollers and oxen. But once on the site of Herod’s Temple, the huge stones had to be set in place; some ashlars of the Herodian Temple weighing 1. Herod’s Temple. The physical work of angels? Some have wondered, but ancient construction techniques at Herod’s Temple were more sophisticated than we might imagine. Temple Mount history indicates this was the site of the First Temple, and that the previous platform and additional fill dirt was used to the best advantage. Ancient construction techniques are evident in the wall of the Herodian Temple. Not all of the stones used in the Herodian Temple weighed 1. Some, weighing merely a few tons, were thrown down from above when the Romans destroyed the city in 7. A. D. For illustrations by Ritmeyer further explaining ancient construction techniques, see the following article about the Herodian Temple.“Quarrying and Transporting Stones for Herod’s Temple Mount”Biblical Archaeology Review, November/December 1. Moving the stones: Stages of quarrying and moving ashlars. In the background, at left, the unworked bedrock exhibits the natural horizontal layering of the limestone in the Jerusalem vicinity. Blocks cut, but not yet removed, appear at upper right. The thickness of the limestone layers determined the height of the blocks that were quarried. Photo: Leen Ritmeyer. Herod’s construction in the Temple Mount area, like the construction of most of Jerusalem’s buildings, used local limestone. The mountains around Jerusalem are composed of Turonian and Cenomanian limestone that has a characteristic horizontal layering. These horizontal layers vary between about 1. In exceptional cases, the layers are even thicker. To quarry this limestone the stonecutter first straightened the face of the stone. This consisted of chiseling the rock in such a way as to produce a flat vertical surface—the side of the incipient stone—and a flat surface on top. Next, with a pickax he dug narrow channels 4 to 6 inches wide on all sides except the bottom of the incipient stone. In two of these grooves, at right angles, the quarryman would insert dry wooden beams, hammer them tightly into place and pour water over them. This caused the wood to swell, and the consequent pressure caused the stone to separate from the lower rock layer. Stone quarrying: Remains of an ancient quarrying operation can be seen at a tomb complex near the Siloam Pool. Shallow, incomplete channels cut around incipient blocks appear in the bedrock. Photo: Hershel Shanks. The next stage required squaring- off the stones and preparing them for transportation. The smaller stones were simply placed on wagons, according to Josephus. Some of the corner stones in the Temple Mount, however, weighed 5. Special techniques were developed to transport these stones on large wooden rollers. While shaping the stones, the masons left 1. These projections were later removed. In the meantime, however, ropes were placed around these projections, and two short, but strong, cranes outfitted with winches lifted the stones on one side and lowered them onto rollers. Oxen could then pull the stones with ropes placed around the projections. According to Josephus, 1,0. Explore the BAS Store for Temple Mount books and DVDs featuring such prominent scholars as Leen Ritmeyer, Yosef Garfinkel, Madeleine Mumcuoglu and Dan Bahat > > Building the wall: Building Herod’s Temple Mount wall involved several steps, as illustrated in this drawing. First the line of the wall was laid out by markers (1). Then the construction site was cleared down to bedrock (2). Next the bedrock itself had to be cut and leveled before the ashlars could be put into place (3). Oxen hauled the ashlars from the quarry on rollers (4) for a mile or so down to the construction site, which was 1. Temple Mount. A crane powered by a treadmill lowered the blocks into place (5), and once the courses had been laid, workers chiseled off the projections (6). In a few cases, a projection was not chiseled off for some reason (see photograph), thus providing archaeologists with excellent evidence of the construction process. Photo: Leen Ritmeyer. The quarries were probably located near what we know today as the Russian Compound, in the heart of modern Jerusalem. There a 5. 0- foot- long column, still attached to the bedrock, can be seen. In the process of quarrying the column, a natural fissure was observed in the rock, so the workmen simply stopped work and left the damaged column in place. The quarries in this area are 1. Temple Mount, so the journey of over a mile to the Temple Mount was downhill. Using the force of gravity obviously made transportation easier. Once the stones arrived at the building site, they had to be put in place. At both the southwest and southeast corners of the Temple Mount, stones weighing over 8. How did they get there? At our excavation site, some of the more pious local laborers who worked with these stones were so awed by their size that they attributed their placement to angels. It would have been impossible, they said, for mere man to lift them into place. In a sense, they were right; no man could have lifted these stones to such a height, notwithstanding all the sophisticated Roman engineering equipment available at the time. In Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, Hershel Shanks takes you from the Golden Dome backward through time in an exploration of the temples that once stood in this spot. Read more > > On this block from the southeast corner of the Temple Mount wall, the projection used for maneuvering the stone was not chiseled off, thus providing archaeologists with excellent evidence of the construction process. Photo: Leen Ritmeyer. In fact, the stones did not have to be lifted from below. They were actually lowered into place from above. The 1. 6- foot- thick walls of the Temple Mount are basically retaining walls, built to retain the high pressure of the fill that was dumped between the previous platform and the new Temple Mount wall. This was Herod’s way of enlarging the previous platform to twice its original size. Herod’s engineers solved the construction problem by pouring the internal fill simultaneously with the construction of the walls. Thus, the first course of stones was laid in the valley surrounding the previous Temple Mount. Then the area between the new and old walls was filled up to the level of the top of this course. This created a new work- level on top of which, from the inside, a second course of stones could be laid. Again fill would be added on the inside, so that a third course of stones could be laid. And so on, course after course, until the whole of Herod’s extension was raised up to the level of the previous Temple platform. The buildings on the Temple Mount were built of smaller stones. Stones from these structures were thrown down into the street below when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem in 7. A. D. Most of them were later scavenged for other construction. But a few were found in the excavations. These weighed between two and three tons. Stones of this size would have posed no problem for the skilled builders of Herod’s Temple Mount.——————“Quarrying and Transporting Stones for Herod’s Temple Mount,” by Leen Ritmeyer first appeared in Biblical Archaeology Review, November/December 1. The article was first republished in Bible History Daily on February 2. Ed. Originally from Holland, Leen Ritmeyer trained as a teacher of physical education in Arnhem before coming to Israel. His work on the Temple Mount excavations, initially as surveyor and then as architect, served as a springboard to a career as an archaeological architect at numerous digs in Israel. Ritmeyer has worked at three other major Jerusalem excavations—the Jewish Quarter, the City of David and the Citadel—producing important reconstruction drawings for all. Related reading in Bible History Daily: The Temple Mount in the Herodian period (3. BC–7. 0 A. D.) by Leen Ritmeyer. Sifting Antiquity on the Temple Mount Sifting Project. What Did Herod’s Temple in Jerusalem Look Like? What the Temple Mount Floor Looked Likeby Frankie Snyder, Gabriel Barkay and Zachi Dvira. As published in Biblical Archaeology Review, November/December 2. Contested Temple Mount History? Herod’s Temple Mount Revealed in Al- Aqsa Mosque Restoration. Ancient Chisel Unearthed at the Western Wall. Study Investigates Western Wall Erosion Permalink: http: //www. |
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